Trademark registration in Liechtenstein operates through a unique dual system that reflects the Principality’s extraordinary integration into both the Swiss and European Economic Area (EEA) legal frameworks. The two principal routes to trademark protection in Liechtenstein are: (1) a Swiss national trademark registered with the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IGE/IPI) — which automatically extends to and is enforceable in Liechtenstein by virtue of the 1923 Customs Treaty and 1980 Trade Mark Treaty between Switzerland and Liechtenstein; and (2) an EU Trade Mark (EUTM) registered with EUIPO — which covers Liechtenstein by virtue of its membership of the European Economic Area (EEA) under the 1992 EEA Agreement. Liechtenstein does not operate an independent national trademark registration system for most purposes. The Liechtenstein Office of Economic Affairs (Amt für Volkswirtschaft) handles certain domestic IP administrative matters, but trademark registration in practice flows through the Swiss and EUTM systems.